01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, salt, and black pepper until well blended.
03 - Stir in the grated cheddar and chopped chives until evenly distributed throughout the flour mixture.
04 - Create a well in the center of the dry ingredients. Pour in the buttermilk and melted butter. Mix with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms. Add additional buttermilk one tablespoon at a time if the mixture is too dry.
05 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Gently knead just until it comes together, being careful not to overwork. Shape into a round loaf approximately 7 inches in diameter.
06 - Place the loaf on the prepared baking sheet. Using a sharp knife, cut a deep X pattern across the top of the loaf.
07 - Bake for 30 to 35 minutes until the crust is deeply golden and the loaf produces a hollow sound when tapped on the bottom.
08 - Transfer to a wire rack and let cool for at least 15 minutes before slicing. Serve warm or at room temperature with butter.