01 - Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add onion, garlic, carrot, and celery. Sauté until softened, about 3 to 4 minutes.
02 - Add ground meat, breaking it up with a spatula. Cook until browned and no longer pink, approximately 6 to 8 minutes.
03 - Stir in ground cumin, smoked paprika, black pepper, dried oregano, and salt. Cook for 1 minute until fragrant.
04 - Mix in tomato paste thoroughly, then pour in beef broth or water. Stir to combine all ingredients evenly.
05 - Reduce heat to low and simmer for 5 to 7 minutes, stirring occasionally until the mixture thickens and most liquid evaporates.
06 - Remove from heat. Stir in parsley and chili flakes if using. Adjust seasoning to taste.
07 - Allow the filling to cool slightly before use in pies, pastries, or stuffed vegetables.